It has been convincingly demonstrated that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic inflammation is present not only in the lung but extends outside the organ, in - volving regional lymph nodes and systemic circulation. Inflammatory cell profile in patients with COPD had higher numbers of B and CD4+, and especially CD8+ T lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages and it showes that innate immunity also plays a key role in pathogenesis of this disease.
